A nurse is teaching a class about pharmacodynamics.
The nurse should include that which of the following medication levels occurs when a medication is at the lowest serum concentration?
Toxic.
Peak.
Trough.
Half-life.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Toxic levels refer to concentrations of a medication that are high enough to cause harmful effects or poisoning. This is not related to the lowest serum concentration.
Choice B rationale
Peak levels are the highest concentration of a medication in the bloodstream after administration. This occurs after the drug is absorbed and distributed.
Choice C rationale
Trough levels occur when the medication is at its lowest concentration in the bloodstream, typically just before the next dose is due. Monitoring trough levels helps ensure therapeutic effectiveness while avoiding toxicity.
Choice D rationale
Half-life refers to the time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the bloodstream to decrease by half. It is not directly related to the lowest serum concentration at a specific point in time.
Free Nursing Test Bank
- Free Pharmacology Quiz 1
- Free Medical-Surgical Quiz 2
- Free Fundamentals Quiz 3
- Free Maternal-Newborn Quiz 4
- Free Anatomy and Physiology Quiz 5
- Free Obstetrics and Pediatrics Quiz 6
- Free Fluid and Electrolytes Quiz 7
- Free Community Health Quiz 8
- Free Promoting Health across the Lifespan Quiz 9
- Free Multidimensional Care Quiz 10
View Related questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice D rationale
Intravenous (IV) administration has the fastest rate of absorption because the medication is delivered directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the absorption barriers of the digestive
system or muscle tissue. This ensures rapid onset of action.
Choice A rationale
Enteral administration involves the gastrointestinal tract, including oral and feeding tube methods. Absorption is slower as the medication passes through the digestive system before
entering the bloodstream.
Choice B rationale
Intramuscular (IM) administration involves injecting the medication into muscle tissue, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream. Absorption is quicker than enteral routes but slower
compared to IV administration.
Choice C rationale
Topical administration involves applying medication to the skin or mucous membranes. Absorption is generally slower and is intended for local or systemic effects, depending on the medication.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Blood in the urine (hematuria) is not a typical finding in urinary retention. It may indicate other conditions such as infection, stones, or malignancy.
Choice B rationale
Cloudy urine is often a sign of infection, not typically associated with urinary retention. It can be caused by the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, or crystals.
Choice C rationale
Dark-colored urine can result from dehydration or certain foods and medications. It is not a specific finding of urinary retention.
Choice D rationale
Leakage of urine, also known as overflow incontinence, can occur in urinary retention. This happens when the bladder becomes overly full, and small amounts of urine leak out due to the pressure.