A nurse is reinforcing with a group of caregivers about the risk factors for seizures. Which of the following factors should the nurse include in her teaching? (Select 3 that apply)
Febrile episode
Low Blood lead levels
Sodium imbalance
Presence of diphtheria
Hypoglycemia
Correct Answer : A,C,E
A. Febrile episode: Fever is a common trigger for febrile seizures in children, especially between 6 months and 5 years.
B. Low blood lead levels: Elevated, not low, blood lead levels can increase the risk of seizures due to neurotoxicity.
C. Sodium imbalance: Both hyponatremia and hypernatremia can cause seizures by disrupting neuronal function.
D. Presence of diphtheria: Diphtheria does not directly increase the risk of seizures. Neurological complications are rare and secondary.
E. Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar levels deprive the brain of energy, which can lead to seizures.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Uncontrollable shaking of the body: This is a hallmark sign of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, characterized by jerking movements of the body.
B. Difficulty breathing and shortness of breath: Respiratory difficulties are not primary symptoms of seizures but may occur in severe cases.
C. Dizziness and lightheadedness: These symptoms are more indicative of conditions like vertigo or syncope, not seizures.
D. Rapid heart rate and chest pain: These are more characteristic of cardiac issues than seizures.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Speak slowly while facing the child: Facing the child helps them see lip movements and facial expressions, which aids communication.
B. Talk directly into the child's impaired ear: Shouting or talking directly into the ear is unhelpful and can distort sound further.
C. Stand above the child's eye level when speaking: Standing above the child can make communication difficult. The nurse should be at eye level to establish effective communication.
D. Speak loudly to the child: Speaking loudly can distort sound and is not helpful for a hearing-impaired child.