A nurse is reinforcing with a group of caregivers about the risk factors for seizures. Which of the following factors should the nurse include in her teaching? (Select 3 that apply)
Febrile episode
Low Blood lead levels
Sodium imbalance
Presence of diphtheria
Hypoglycemia
Correct Answer : A,C,E
A. Febrile episode: Fever is a common trigger for febrile seizures in children, especially between 6 months and 5 years.
B. Low blood lead levels: Elevated, not low, blood lead levels can increase the risk of seizures due to neurotoxicity.
C. Sodium imbalance: Both hyponatremia and hypernatremia can cause seizures by disrupting neuronal function.
D. Presence of diphtheria: Diphtheria does not directly increase the risk of seizures. Neurological complications are rare and secondary.
E. Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar levels deprive the brain of energy, which can lead to seizures.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Pulling a wagon with toys in the hallway: A child on airborne precautions cannot leave the room to prevent the spread of infection.
B. Watching a video game in the playroom: Access to communal areas like the playroom is prohibited for children on airborne precautions.
C. Constructing a model airplane: While constructive, small parts in models can be hazardous and inappropriate for some children in a hospital setting.
D. Putting a puzzle together: Puzzles are a safe, quiet activity that can be done independently in the isolation room.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Describing manifestations of the illness: Preschoolers lack the cognitive ability to describe symptoms in detail.
B. Relating fears to magical thinking: Magical thinking is characteristic of preschoolers, and they may associate illness with punishment or fantastical causes.
C. Awareness of body function: This is more typical of school-age children, not preschoolers.
D. Understanding cause of illness: Preschoolers do not have the cognitive development to understand illness causation fully.