A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the guardian of an infant who has Down Syndrome and respiratory symptoms. Which of the following statements by the guardian indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I should place a cool mist humidifier in his room."
"I should expect him to have frequent diarrhea."
"I should expect him to grow faster in length than other infants."
"I should avoid the use of lotion on his skin."
The Correct Answer is A
A. "I should place a cool mist humidifier in his room.": Children with Down Syndrome often have narrow nasal passages and a tendency toward respiratory infections. A cool mist humidifier helps keep the airways moist, reducing irritation and easing breathing.
B. "I should expect him to have frequent diarrhea.": Diarrhea is not a common symptom associated with Down Syndrome; constipation is more frequent due to low muscle tone.
C. "I should expect him to grow faster in length than other infants.": Infants with Down Syndrome tend to have slower growth rates and may not reach the same length or weight milestones as peers.
D. "I should avoid the use of lotion on his skin.": Infants with Down Syndrome often have dry, sensitive skin, and the use of lotion is encouraged to prevent dryness and cracking.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. "Give her acetaminophen, not aspirin.": Aspirin is contraindicated in children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome, a rare but serious condition that affects the liver and brain, especially during viral illnesses like the flu or chickenpox. Acetaminophen is a safer alternative for fever management in children.
B. "You'll have to call your physician.": While seeking physician advice is important, the nurse has a duty to provide accurate, immediate, evidence-based guidance to prevent harm.
C. "Give her no more than three baby aspirin every 4 hours.": Recommending aspirin dosing is unsafe due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.
D. "Follow the directions on the aspirin bottle for her age and weight.": Providing this advice without addressing safety concerns is inappropriate and potentially harmful.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Hide the medication in apple slices: This is inappropriate as the child might distrust caregivers if they realize the medication was hidden.
B. Offer the child an ice pop prior to administering the medication: An ice pop numbs taste buds and can reduce the unpleasant taste of medication.
C. Tell the child the medicine tastes like candy: Providing false information undermines trust and is unethical.
D. Inform the child that if he does not take the medication he will need a shot: Threats increase anxiety and do not foster cooperation.