A nurse is providing education to a client diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. Which of the following can be anticipated will be a trigger for a sickle cell crisis?
Over-hydration
Dehydration
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Vaccinations
The Correct Answer is B
A. Over-hydration is not a trigger for a sickle cell crisis; in fact, adequate hydration helps prevent sickling of the cells.
B. Dehydration is a significant trigger for sickle cell crises, as it can lead to increased blood viscosity and sickling of red blood cells.
C. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often used to manage pain associated with sickle cell crises, but they do not trigger a crisis.
D. Vaccinations are important for preventing infections in individuals with sickle cell anemia but are not associated with triggering a sickle cell crisis.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Blood transfusions are not a primary treatment for pernicious anemia; they may be used in severe cases but do not address the underlying cause of the condition, which is vitamin B12 deficiency.
B. Daily hydroxyurea is primarily used to treat certain types of cancer and sickle cell disease, not pernicious anemia.
C. Iron supplements are not effective in treating pernicious anemia, as the condition is due to a deficiency of vitamin B12, not iron.
D. Vitamin B injections are the correct intervention for pernicious anemia because the condition results from an inability to absorb vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic factor, making injections necessary to restore vitamin levels.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Milk and cheese are low in iron content and are not recommended for increasing iron levels in clients with iron-deficiency anemia.
B. Whole grain breads may contain some iron but are not as high in iron as other food sources.
C. Fresh fruits do not provide significant amounts of iron and are not a good source for addressing iron deficiency.
D. Red meat and organ meat are excellent sources of heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme iron found in plant sources, making them the best choice for increasing iron intake in clients with iron-deficiency anemia.