A nurse is providing care to a 2-year-old and has noted negativism.
Which statement by the nurse to the toddler will help decrease negativism when administering medications to the toddler?
You can take your medicine in the blue or green cup.
Can you take your medicine now?
Do you want to take your medicine?
You need to take your medicine.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Giving the toddler a choice between two cups helps to decrease negativism by providing options that still achieve the desired outcome, thereby reducing the likelihood of refusal.
Choice B rationale
Asking the child to take medicine now offers no real choice and is likely to be met with resistance, which is characteristic of negativism in toddlers.
Choice C rationale
This question is too open-ended and can easily be refused, as it does not provide a sense of control or choice for the toddler.
Choice D rationale
Telling the child they "need" to take medicine is directive and authoritarian, which often triggers negativism and a refusal.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A front-facing car seat for an infant does not provide adequate protection in the event of a collision. Infants should always be in a rear-facing car seat to support their head, neck, and spine.
Choice B rationale
Using an infant model car seat designed specifically for the car ensures that the seat meets safety standards and is appropriate for the child's size and developmental needs, providing optimal protection.
Choice C rationale
Being able to fit a hand between the baby and the car seat harness indicates the harness is too loose. The harness should be snug enough that only one or two fingers can fit between the strap and the baby's chest to provide secure restraint.
Choice D rationale
A rear-facing car seat should not be placed in the front passenger seat due to the risk of injury from airbags. The safest position for a rear-facing car seat is in the back seat, away from active airbags.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
This choice offers the toddler control and options within boundaries. By allowing the child to choose between two cups, it reduces the power struggle inherent in negativism, where the child often says "no" to assert independence.
Choice B rationale
This choice presents a direct option of now or later, which may still lead to refusal due to the toddler's negativism. Toddlers often respond better to choices that are less direct.
Choice C rationale
Asking if the child can take the medicine is likely to result in a "no" due to the nature of negativism at this developmental stage. It does not give the toddler a sense of control or choice.
Choice D rationale
Asking the child to be "good" places a moral judgment on taking the medicine, which is not developmentally appropriate and may lead to resistance.