A nurse is providing care to a 2-year-old and has noted negativism.
Which statement by the nurse to the toddler will help decrease negativism when administering medications to the toddler?
You can take your medicine in the blue or green cup.
Can you take your medicine now?
Do you want to take your medicine?
You need to take your medicine.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Giving the toddler a choice between two cups helps to decrease negativism by providing options that still achieve the desired outcome, thereby reducing the likelihood of refusal.
Choice B rationale
Asking the child to take medicine now offers no real choice and is likely to be met with resistance, which is characteristic of negativism in toddlers.
Choice C rationale
This question is too open-ended and can easily be refused, as it does not provide a sense of control or choice for the toddler.
Choice D rationale
Telling the child they "need" to take medicine is directive and authoritarian, which often triggers negativism and a refusal.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Preoperational stage starts around age 2 to 7 years, characterized by symbolic thinking.
Choice B rationale
Concrete operational stage starts around age 7 to 11 years, involving logical thinking about concrete events.
Choice C rationale
Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years) is when infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.
Choice D rationale
Formal operational stage begins at approximately age 12 and involves abstract and hypothetical thinking.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Negative behaviors characterized by the need for autonomy are typical of toddlers. According to Erikson, this stage is known as autonomy versus shame and doubt, where toddlers
assert their independence and develop self-control.
Choice B rationale
Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt applies to preschool children, not toddlers. This stage involves children beginning to assert power and control over their environment through
directing play and other social interactions.
Choice C rationale
The need to start a task and complete it is associated with Erikson's stage of industry versus inferiority, which applies to school-aged children, not toddlers. This stage involves
developing a sense of pride in their accomplishments.
Choice D rationale
The discovery of their identity is a characteristic of Erikson's stage of identity versus role confusion, which pertains to adolescence. During this stage, teenagers work on refining a
sense of self.