A nurse is providing care to a 2-year-old and has noted negativism.
Which statement by the nurse to the toddler will help decrease negativism when administering medications to the toddler?
You can take your medicine in the blue or green cup.
Can you take your medicine now?
Do you want to take your medicine?
You need to take your medicine.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Giving the toddler a choice between two cups helps to decrease negativism by providing options that still achieve the desired outcome, thereby reducing the likelihood of refusal.
Choice B rationale
Asking the child to take medicine now offers no real choice and is likely to be met with resistance, which is characteristic of negativism in toddlers.
Choice C rationale
This question is too open-ended and can easily be refused, as it does not provide a sense of control or choice for the toddler.
Choice D rationale
Telling the child they "need" to take medicine is directive and authoritarian, which often triggers negativism and a refusal.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
AAP guidelines recommend rear-facing car seats for children under 24 months due to superior protection in a collision.
Choice B rationale
The chest buckle should be at armpit level to prevent injury in case of a crash.
Choice C rationale
Switching to a forward-facing car seat at 12 months contradicts safety recommendations; the child should remain rear-facing until at least 2 years old.
Choice D rationale
Car seats should always be placed in the back seat to minimize risk from front airbags during collisions.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Examining the tympanic membrane at the beginning may cause distress to the child and make the rest of the exam difficult.
Choice B rationale
Before auscultating the chest and abdomen, the child needs to be calm and cooperative, which might not be the case if their ear is examined first.
Choice C rationale
Examining the tympanic membrane before the head and neck could lead to increased anxiety and uncooperativeness in the child during the rest of the exam.
Choice D rationale
Examining the tympanic membrane at the end allows for a more accurate and complete examination without causing the child to become distressed early in the process.