A nurse is discussing discharge instructions to a client with a lumbar herniated disk and is prescribed a conservative treatment. The nurse provides instructions based on this treatment plan and suggests which of the following.
Reducing body weight.
Avoiding painful positions.
Attending physical and chiropractic therapy as prescribed.
Taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as prescribed.
Taking corticosteroids as prescribed.
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D
A. Reducing body weight can relieve pressure on the lumbar spine, which can help decrease pain and improve function.
B. Avoiding painful positions helps prevent exacerbation of symptoms and protects the affected area.
C. Physical therapy is an important part of conservative treatment to strengthen supporting muscles, improve flexibility, and promote recovery. Chiropractic therapy may be recommended but should be guided by a physician's recommendation.
D. NSAIDs are commonly prescribed to manage inflammation and relieve pain associated with lumbar herniated disks.
E. Corticosteroids may be prescribed in some cases but are generally not part of initial conservative management unless inflammation is severe and not managed by NSAIDs.
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Explanation
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B. Pool water entering the Eustachian tubes is unlikely; infections are more commonly related to pathogens in the water.
C. The best response addresses the presence of microorganisms in pool water that can enter the ear and potentially lead to infections, such as swimmer's ear (otitis externa).
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The primary purpose of administering an osmotic diuretic, such as mannitol, is to lower ICP by promoting diuresis, which results in increased urinary output and decreases fluid volume in the brain.
B. Osmotic diuretics do not specifically reduce cerebral blood flow; rather, they work by reducing fluid volume and thus intracranial pressure.
C. While osmotic diuretics can help manage edema, their primary role is not solely to prevent the formation of cerebral edema but to actively reduce existing pressure.
D. Osmotic diuretics do not directly decrease brain oxygen consumption; their main function is to create an osmotic gradient that pulls fluid from the brain to reduce ICP.