A nurse is caring for a primigravida who asks about the function of the placenta.The nurse responds correctly when explaining which of the following are functions of the placenta?
Cushions fetus from maternal movement.
Provides thermoregulation.
Metabolic and gas exchange.
Provides a sterile environment.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
The placenta does not cushion the fetus from maternal movement. Instead, the amniotic fluid within the amniotic sac provides cushioning and protection to the fetus from external forces and maternal movements.
Choice B rationale
The placenta does not provide thermoregulation. Thermoregulation is primarily managed by the mother’s body. The placenta’s main functions are related to nutrient and gas exchange, hormone production, and waste removal.
Choice C rationale
The placenta is responsible for metabolic and gas exchange. It provides oxygen and nutrients to the fetus while removing waste products from the fetal blood. This exchange occurs through the placental barrier, which separates maternal and fetal blood.
Choice D rationale
The placenta does not provide a sterile environment. The amniotic sac and its fluid help maintain a sterile environment for the fetus. The placenta’s role is more focused on nutrient and gas exchange, hormone production, and waste removal.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Calculating the estimated date of delivery (EDD) involves adding 280 days (40 weeks) to the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP). Starting from November 15th, adding 280 days results in an EDD around August 22nd, not July 12th.
Choice B rationale
Using the same calculation method, adding 280 days to November 15th results in an EDD around August 22nd, not August 12th.
Choice C rationale
This choice is close but not accurate. Adding 280 days to November 15th results in an EDD around August 22nd.
Choice D rationale
This is the correct calculation. Adding 280 days to November 15th results in an EDD around August 22nd.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Intimate partner violence (IPV) does not necessarily decrease during pregnancy. In fact, pregnancy can sometimes increase the risk of IPV due to various stressors and changes in the relationship dynamics.
Choice B rationale
IPV consists of more than just physical abuse. It can also include emotional, psychological, and sexual abuse. Emotional abuse can involve manipulation, threats, and controlling behavior, while sexual abuse includes any non-consensual sexual activity.
Choice C rationale
IPV can indeed include emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. This comprehensive understanding is crucial for recognizing and addressing all forms of IPV, as each type can have severe and lasting impacts on the victim’s health and well-being.
Choice D rationale
IPV is not rare; it is a common issue affecting millions of people worldwide. It can occur in any demographic and socioeconomic group, making it a significant public health concern.