A nurse is caring for a primigravida who asks about the function of the placenta.The nurse responds correctly when explaining which of the following are functions of the placenta?
Cushions fetus from maternal movement.
Provides thermoregulation.
Metabolic and gas exchange.
Provides a sterile environment.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
The placenta does not cushion the fetus from maternal movement. Instead, the amniotic fluid within the amniotic sac provides cushioning and protection to the fetus from external forces and maternal movements.
Choice B rationale
The placenta does not provide thermoregulation. Thermoregulation is primarily managed by the mother’s body. The placenta’s main functions are related to nutrient and gas exchange, hormone production, and waste removal.
Choice C rationale
The placenta is responsible for metabolic and gas exchange. It provides oxygen and nutrients to the fetus while removing waste products from the fetal blood. This exchange occurs through the placental barrier, which separates maternal and fetal blood.
Choice D rationale
The placenta does not provide a sterile environment. The amniotic sac and its fluid help maintain a sterile environment for the fetus. The placenta’s role is more focused on nutrient and gas exchange, hormone production, and waste removal.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Lisinopril is not a beta blocker; it is an ACE inhibitor. Beta blockers, such as metoprolol, are generally considered safer during pregnancy compared to ACE inhibitors. Beta blockers work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on your heart and blood vessels, which helps to lower blood pressure. However, they are not without risks and should be used under medical supervision during pregnancy.
Choice B rationale
Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, which is contraindicated during pregnancy, especially in the second and third trimesters. ACE inhibitors can cause fetal renal dysfunction, oligohydramnios, and even fetal death. Therefore, it is essential to discuss alternative medications that are safer during pregnancy.
Choice C rationale
This statement is incorrect because ACE inhibitors, including lisinopril, are not safe to continue during pregnancy. They pose significant risks to the fetus, particularly in the later stages of pregnancy.
Choice D rationale
Lisinopril is not an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB); it is an ACE inhibitor. ARBs, like ACE inhibitors, are also contraindicated during pregnancy due to similar risks of fetal toxicity and adverse outcomes.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Changing professions is not necessary solely due to pregnancy. However, it is important to consider the specific risks associated with the current job. In this case, the client works in a hair and nail salon, which may expose her to various chemicals and environmental toxins. These toxins can pose risks to both the mother and the developing fetus. Therefore, the focus should be on minimizing exposure to these hazards rather than changing professions altogether.
Choice B rationale
While it is important to be mindful of weight limits during pregnancy to avoid strain and injury, this is not the primary concern for a client working in a hair and nail salon. The main risk in this scenario is exposure to environmental toxins, which can have more significant implications for the health of the mother and the developing fetus.
Choice C rationale
Exposure to environmental toxins is a significant concern for pregnant women working in hair and nail salons. These environments often contain chemicals such as formaldehyde, toluene, and phthalates, which can be harmful to both the mother and the developing fetus. Educating the client about the risks associated with these toxins and providing guidance on how to minimize exposure is crucial for ensuring a healthy pregnancy.
Choice D rationale
While reducing the number of clients seen in a day may help manage physical strain and fatigue, it does not address the primary concern of exposure to environmental toxins. The focus should be on minimizing contact with harmful chemicals and ensuring a safe working environment for the pregnant client.