A nurse is caring for a primigravida who asks about the function of the placenta.The nurse responds correctly when explaining which of the following are functions of the placenta?
Cushions fetus from maternal movement.
Provides thermoregulation.
Metabolic and gas exchange.
Provides a sterile environment.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
The placenta does not cushion the fetus from maternal movement. Instead, the amniotic fluid within the amniotic sac provides cushioning and protection to the fetus from external forces and maternal movements.
Choice B rationale
The placenta does not provide thermoregulation. Thermoregulation is primarily managed by the mother’s body. The placenta’s main functions are related to nutrient and gas exchange, hormone production, and waste removal.
Choice C rationale
The placenta is responsible for metabolic and gas exchange. It provides oxygen and nutrients to the fetus while removing waste products from the fetal blood. This exchange occurs through the placental barrier, which separates maternal and fetal blood.
Choice D rationale
The placenta does not provide a sterile environment. The amniotic sac and its fluid help maintain a sterile environment for the fetus. The placenta’s role is more focused on nutrient and gas exchange, hormone production, and waste removal.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A blood transfusion just after delivery is not a standard intervention for a client with Rh-negative blood type. The primary concern for Rh-negative clients is the potential for Rh incompatibility with the fetus, which can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn. This condition is prevented by administering RhO(D) immune globulin during pregnancy.
Choice B rationale
Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) testing is used to screen for certain fetal abnormalities, such as neural tube defects, but it is not specifically related to Rh incompatibility. The primary intervention for Rh-negative clients is the administration of RhO(D) immune globulin to prevent sensitization.
Choice C rationale
RhO(D) immune globulin is administered at around 28 weeks of gestation to prevent Rh sensitization in Rh-negative clients. This intervention is crucial for preventing the development of antibodies that could harm the fetus in current or future pregnancies.
Choice D rationale
A three-hour glucose tolerance test is used to screen for gestational diabetes, which is a separate concern from Rh incompatibility. The primary intervention for Rh-negative clients is the administration of RhO(D) immune globulin.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Calculating the estimated date of delivery (EDD) involves adding 280 days (40 weeks) to the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP). Starting from November 15th, adding 280 days results in an EDD around August 22nd, not July 12th.
Choice B rationale
Using the same calculation method, adding 280 days to November 15th results in an EDD around August 22nd, not August 12th.
Choice C rationale
This choice is close but not accurate. Adding 280 days to November 15th results in an EDD around August 22nd.
Choice D rationale
This is the correct calculation. Adding 280 days to November 15th results in an EDD around August 22nd.