A nurse is caring for a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The nurse notes white lesions on the client's tongue. What opportunistic infection is this client experiencing?
Candidiasis
Xerostomia
Halitosis
Gingivitis
The Correct Answer is A
A. Candidiasis, commonly known as thrush, is characterized by white lesions on the tongue and is a common opportunistic infection in clients with AIDS due to their compromised immune system.
B. Xerostomia refers to dry mouth and does not cause white lesions; it can occur in various conditions but is not an opportunistic infection.
C. Halitosis is bad breath and does not correlate with white lesions on the tongue; it can result from various causes but is not an infection.
D. Gingivitis involves inflammation of the gums and may present with red, swollen gums but does not typically cause white lesions on the tongue.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Distended jugular veins may indicate fluid overload or congestive heart failure, not an allergic reaction.
B. Generalized urticaria, or hives, is a classic sign of an allergic transfusion reaction, presenting as an itchy rash or welts on the skin.
C. Bilateral flank pain is more indicative of a hemolytic reaction, particularly due to kidney involvement, rather than an allergic reaction.
D. A blood pressure of 184/92 mm Hg may suggest hypertension or a reaction, but it is not specific to allergic transfusion reactions, which are characterized by skin symptoms like urticaria.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Milk and cheese are low in iron content and are not recommended for increasing iron levels in clients with iron-deficiency anemia.
B. Whole grain breads may contain some iron but are not as high in iron as other food sources.
C. Fresh fruits do not provide significant amounts of iron and are not a good source for addressing iron deficiency.
D. Red meat and organ meat are excellent sources of heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme iron found in plant sources, making them the best choice for increasing iron intake in clients with iron-deficiency anemia.