A nurse is caring for a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The nurse notes white lesions on the client's tongue. What opportunistic infection is this client experiencing?
Candidiasis
Xerostomia
Halitosis
Gingivitis
The Correct Answer is A
A. Candidiasis, commonly known as thrush, is characterized by white lesions on the tongue and is a common opportunistic infection in clients with AIDS due to their compromised immune system.
B. Xerostomia refers to dry mouth and does not cause white lesions; it can occur in various conditions but is not an opportunistic infection.
C. Halitosis is bad breath and does not correlate with white lesions on the tongue; it can result from various causes but is not an infection.
D. Gingivitis involves inflammation of the gums and may present with red, swollen gums but does not typically cause white lesions on the tongue.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Decreasing intake of foods high in fiber is not necessary; in fact, fiber can help prevent constipation, a common side effect of iron supplements.
B. Vitamin C actually enhances the absorption of iron; thus, avoiding it is incorrect. Clients should be encouraged to consume vitamin C alongside their iron supplements to improve absorption.
C. Stools becoming darker in color is a common and expected side effect of ferrous sulfate due to the presence of unabsorbed iron. It is important for clients to know this to avoid unnecessary alarm.
D. Taking the medication on a full stomach may decrease absorption; it is generally recommended to take iron supplements on an empty stomach for optimal absorption unless gastrointestinal upset occurs.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. While legumes are a good source of protein, they do not provide the high-calorie density needed for someone experiencing wasting syndrome.
B. Consuming high-calorie snacks between meals is the most appropriate suggestion as it helps increase overall caloric intake, which is essential for clients with wasting syndrome to help maintain weight and improve nutritional status.
C. Using canola oil instead of butter may not significantly impact caloric intake, and clients with wasting syndrome may need higher-calorie options.
D. Adding celery to soups or salads adds volume but is low in calories and may not contribute significantly to the dietary needs of someone experiencing wasting syndrome.