A nurse is caring for a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The nurse notes white lesions on the client's tongue. What opportunistic infection is this client experiencing?
Candidiasis
Xerostomia
Halitosis
Gingivitis
The Correct Answer is A
A. Candidiasis, commonly known as thrush, is characterized by white lesions on the tongue and is a common opportunistic infection in clients with AIDS due to their compromised immune system.
B. Xerostomia refers to dry mouth and does not cause white lesions; it can occur in various conditions but is not an opportunistic infection.
C. Halitosis is bad breath and does not correlate with white lesions on the tongue; it can result from various causes but is not an infection.
D. Gingivitis involves inflammation of the gums and may present with red, swollen gums but does not typically cause white lesions on the tongue.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. This statement accurately reflects the importance of adherence to ART; if medication is missed, the virus may replicate unchecked, leading to drug resistance, which is a significant concern in HIV treatment.
B. This statement is incorrect because the conversion of RNA to DNA is a normal part of the HIV life cycle and is not directly prevented by taking medication on time.
C. While protease inhibitors do help prevent the assembly of new virions, the primary concern when missing doses is the risk of resistance rather than assembly prevention.
D. This statement is misleading; while effective ART can lead to an increase in CD4 counts over time, missing doses would not directly cause an increase in CD4 lymphocyte counts.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. A quantitative RNA assay is used to measure the amount of HIV RNA in the blood and is not used for confirmatory diagnosis after a positive ELISA.
B. The Western blot analysis is the standard confirmatory test for HIV following a positive ELISA result, as it specifically detects the presence of antibodies to HIV proteins.
C. A viral load test assesses the level of virus in the blood but does not confirm the diagnosis of HIV.
D. The CD4+ T-cell count is used to assess immune function in individuals with HIV but is not a confirmatory test for the diagnosis of the virus.