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A nurse is caring for a client who has hypertension and nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should expect to administer which of the following medications to slow the progression of the nephropathy?

A.

Sitagliptin.

B.

Glipizide.

C.

Metoprolol.

D.

Losartan.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale

 

Sitagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor used to manage blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes but does not specifically slow the progression of nephropathy.

 

Choice B rationale

 

Glipizide is a sulfonylurea that helps control blood sugar levels but does not have a direct effect on slowing nephropathy progression.

 

Choice C rationale

 

Metoprolol is a beta-blocker used to manage hypertension but does not specifically target nephropathy progression.

 

Choice D rationale

 

Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that helps manage hypertension and has been shown to slow the progression of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.


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View Related questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

A white coating in the mouth can indicate oral thrush, a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids like beclomethasone. This requires prompt treatment to prevent further complications.

Choice B rationale

Nausea is a less common side effect of beclomethasone and is not as urgent as oral thrush.

Choice C rationale

Myalgia (muscle pain) is a less common side effect and not as critical as oral thrush.

Choice D rationale

Headache is a common side effect but not as urgent as oral thrush.

Correct Answer is ["A","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale


Muscle weakness is a common symptom of hypokalemia due to decreased potassium levels affecting muscle function.


Choice B rationale


Hyperactive bowel sounds can indicate hypokalemia because potassium is essential for normal gastrointestinal motility. Low potassium levels can lead to increased activity in the intestines, resulting in hyperactive bowel sounds.

Choice C rationale


Tingling of fingers, or paresthesia, can be a symptom of hypokalemia, as low potassium levels may affect nerve conduction. This results in abnormal sensations like tingling or numbness.

Choice D rationale


Peaked T waves are more commonly associated with hyperkalemia rather than hypokalemia. Therefore, this option would not indicate hypokalemia. However, a nurse should be vigilant about monitoring potassium levels as both conditions can lead to significant cardiovascular effects.


Choice E rationale


Fatigue is another symptom of hypokalemia as low potassium levels can impair cellular function and energy production.

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