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A nurse is caring for a client who has hypertension and nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should expect to administer which of the following medications to slow the progression of the nephropathy?

A.

Sitagliptin.

B.

Glipizide.

C.

Metoprolol.

D.

Losartan.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale

 

Sitagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor used to manage blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes but does not specifically slow the progression of nephropathy.

 

Choice B rationale

 

Glipizide is a sulfonylurea that helps control blood sugar levels but does not have a direct effect on slowing nephropathy progression.

 

Choice C rationale

 

Metoprolol is a beta-blocker used to manage hypertension but does not specifically target nephropathy progression.

 

Choice D rationale

 

Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that helps manage hypertension and has been shown to slow the progression of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.


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View Related questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Gargling with water after using a beclomethasone inhaler helps prevent oral candidiasis (thrush), a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids.

Choice B rationale

Using a spacer with a beclomethasone inhaler can help improve drug delivery to the lungs and reduce the risk of side effects. It is generally recommended to use a spacer with inhaled corticosteroids.

Choice C rationale

Beclomethasone is not a rescue inhaler and should not be used for acute incidents of shortness of breath. It is a maintenance medication used to control chronic asthma symptoms.

Choice D rationale

Albuterol should be used before beclomethasone to open the airways and enhance the absorption of the corticosteroid. Using beclomethasone first does not increase absorption and is not the recommended practice.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Limiting caffeine is not the first action the nurse should take. While caffeine can exacerbate symptoms of BPH, it is not the priority action when starting doxazosin IR3.

Choice B rationale

Reporting headaches is important, but it is not the first action the nurse should take. Headaches can be a side effect of doxazosin, but monitoring the patient’s initial response to the medication is more critical.

Choice C rationale

Measuring the client’s intake and output is important for monitoring urinary symptoms, but it is not the first action the nurse should take when starting doxazosin IR3.

Choice D rationale

Administering the medication at bedtime is the correct first action. Doxazosin can cause dizziness and hypotension, especially after the first dose, so taking it at bedtime can help minimize these effects.

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