A nurse is caring for a client in an induced coma for increased intracranial pressure (ICP). What should the nurse assess next to determine this client's cerebral function?
Glasgow Coma Scale
Pupillary size and reaction
Blood pressure and heart rate
Gag Reflex
The Correct Answer is B
A. The Glasgow Coma Scale is useful for assessing consciousness levels but may not be as sensitive for changes in brainstem function in a patient already in an induced coma.
B. Assessing pupillary size and reaction provides critical information on brainstem function and can indicate changes in ICP. Changes in pupil size and reaction can signify worsening cerebral function or brain herniation.
C. Blood pressure and heart rate are vital signs that can suggest increased ICP, but they are not as direct an indicator of cerebral function as pupil assessment.
D. The gag reflex is important but does not provide as direct information about cerebral function related to ICP as pupillary assessment does.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Lowering the client's legs is not effective in managing autonomic dysreflexia and may not alleviate the cause of the high blood pressure.
B. Checking for a full bladder is the priority because bladder distension is a common trigger for autonomic dysreflexia in clients with spinal cord injuries, and relieving it can reduce the severe hypertensive response.
C. Antihypertensives may be used if non-pharmacological measures fail, but addressing the cause is the first action.
D. Pain medication is not indicated as the immediate intervention for autonomic dysreflexia, as the priority is identifying and removing the trigger.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Clients with Cushing’s Syndrome often experience muscle weakness, osteoporosis, and a risk of fractures due to excess cortisol. Implementing fall precautions is the highest priority to prevent injury.
B. Addressing coping mechanisms is important but not as immediate a safety concern as fall prevention.
C. Avoiding infections is crucial due to immunosuppression from elevated cortisol; however, preventing falls remains a more immediate concern.
D. Encouraging incentive spirometer use may support lung function, but it is not the highest priority compared to preventing falls.