A nurse is caring for a client experiencing kidney failure. The nurse recognizes that kidney failure causes the loss of which of the following processes integral to maintaining homeostasis?
Distribution of protein
Filtration of the blood
Metabolism of medications
Ability to hold urine
The Correct Answer is B
A. Distribution of protein: While protein distribution may be affected in kidney disease, it is not a primary function of the kidneys.
B. Filtration of the blood: The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products and excess substances from the blood. In kidney failure, this filtration process is impaired, leading to the accumulation of toxins in the body.
C. Metabolism of medications: Although the kidneys do play a role in drug excretion, drug metabolism primarily occurs in the liver. Kidney failure may affect the excretion phase.
D. Ability to hold urine: While kidney failure can affect urinary function, the ability to hold urine is primarily a bladder function, not directly a function of the kidneys.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Narrowed pulse pressure: A narrowed pulse pressure can indicate various cardiovascular issues but is not a specific sign of pneumonia.
B. Bradycardia: Bradycardia may occur due to various reasons, including medications or underlying health conditions, but it is not a common sign of pneumonia.
C. Night sweats: While night sweats can occur with pneumonia, they are more associated with infections such as tuberculosis or certain malignancies. It's not a classic presentation.
D. Confusion: Confusion is a common manifestation of pneumonia in older adults due to hypoxia, dehydration, or fever. Older adults often present atypically with changes in mental status during infections.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
A. In patients who have renal disease. Diuretics can be used in renal disease to help manage fluid overload, although caution is needed based on the specific renal condition.
B. In patients who have fluid retention during pregnancy. Diuretics are typically avoided during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary due to potential risks to the fetus.
C. In patients with heart failure. Diuretics are a cornerstone of treatment for heart failure, helping to reduce fluid overload and improve symptoms.
D. In patients who are obese. While diuretics can be used for conditions associated with obesity, they are not specifically recommended for obesity alone without other indications.
E. In patients who have hypertension. Diuretics are commonly prescribed as first-line treatment for hypertension, helping to reduce blood volume and lower blood pressure.