A nurse is assessing a young child and suspects coarctation of the aorta based on which finding?
Diastolic murmur.
Hypotension.
Excessive crying.
Unequal upper and lower extremity pulses.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
A diastolic murmur is not a typical finding in coarctation of the aorta. This condition is more commonly associated with systolic murmurs.
Choice B rationale
Hypotension is not a common finding in coarctation of the aorta. In fact, hypertension in the upper extremities is more typical due to the narrowing of the aorta.
Choice C rationale
Excessive crying is not a specific indicator of coarctation of the aorta. It can be a symptom of many different conditions and is not diagnostic.
Choice D rationale
Unequal upper and lower extremity pulses are a key finding in coarctation of the aorta. The narrowing of the aorta causes reduced blood flow to the lower extremities, resulting in weaker pulses compared to the upper extremities.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Daytime symptoms occurring more than twice a week is an expected finding in mild persistent asthma. This indicates that the asthma is not well-controlled and requires regular use of a controller medication.
Choice B rationale
Nighttime symptoms occurring approximately twice a month is more characteristic of intermittent asthma, not mild persistent asthma.
Choice C rationale
Minor limitations with normal activity are expected in mild persistent asthma. This indicates that the asthma is affecting the child’s daily activities to some extent.
Choice D rationale
Symptoms that are continuous throughout the day are indicative of severe persistent asthma, not mild persistent asthma.
Choice E rationale
A peak expiratory flow (PEF) greater than or equal to 80% of the predicted value is an expected finding in mild persistent asthma. This indicates that the child’s lung function is relatively well-preserved.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Puberty might be delayed if scrotal changes have not occurred by the age of 13½ to 14 years, not 11 years.
Choice B rationale
Changes in the voice occur during puberty but do not signal its beginning. Enlargement of the testicles is the first sign of puberty in boys.
Choice C rationale
Growth spurts in height typically occur toward the end of mid-puberty, making this the correct answer.
Choice D rationale
Gynecomastia, or the development of breast tissue in boys, commonly occurs during mid- puberty, not late puberty