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A nurse is assessing a newborn who has a coarctation of the aorta. Which of the following should the nurse recognize is a clinical manifestation of coarctation of the aorta?

A.

Decreased blood pressure in the arms with increased blood pressure in the legs

B.

Increased blood pressure in the arms with decreased blood pressure in the legs

C.

Decreased blood pressure in both the arms and the legs

D.

Increased blood pressure in both the arms and the legs

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. This option is incorrect as it does not describe the expected blood pressure difference in coarctation of the aorta.  

 

B. Coarctation of the aorta typically presents with higher blood pressure in the upper body (arms) and lower blood pressure in the lower body (legs) due to the obstruction of blood flow distal to the aortic arch.  

 

C. This option is incorrect because while coarctation can lead to decreased perfusion in the lower extremities, it does not typically result in decreased blood pressure in both the arms and legs simultaneously.  

 

D. While increased blood pressure may occur in the arms, the legs would not typically show increased blood pressure in cases of coarctation.


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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Doubling the dose if a dose is missed can increase the risk of bleeding and is not recommended for warfarin. Instead, the client should take the missed dose as soon as remembered unless it's almost time for the next dose.

B. Using an electric razor is recommended to minimize the risk of cuts and bleeding, which is particularly important for clients on anticoagulants like warfarin.

C. While increasing fiber intake can be beneficial for overall health, it is not specifically necessary for addressing constipation related to warfarin therapy.

D. While mild nosebleeds may occur, they are not typically common during initial treatment. Clients should be informed to report any unusual or severe bleeding.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Giving pancreatic enzymes before snacks and meals is essential for children with cystic fibrosis to help with digestion and nutrient absorption due to their pancreatic insufficiency.

B. Children with CF often require increased salt intake, especially during hot weather or heavy exercise, due to higher salt losses in sweat.

C. A child with CF typically needs a high-calorie, high-fat diet to meet their energy requirements and to support growth, rather than low-fat meals with limited protein.

D. Limiting fluid intake is not recommended; children with CF often need to stay well-hydrated to help manage thick secretions and promote overall health.

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