A nurse is assessing a newborn who has a coarctation of the aorta. Which of the following should the nurse recognize is a clinical manifestation of coarctation of the aorta?
Decreased blood pressure in the arms with increased blood pressure in the legs
Increased blood pressure in the arms with decreased blood pressure in the legs
Decreased blood pressure in both the arms and the legs
Increased blood pressure in both the arms and the legs
The Correct Answer is B
A. This option is incorrect as it does not describe the expected blood pressure difference in coarctation of the aorta.
B. Coarctation of the aorta typically presents with higher blood pressure in the upper body (arms) and lower blood pressure in the lower body (legs) due to the obstruction of blood flow distal to the aortic arch.
C. This option is incorrect because while coarctation can lead to decreased perfusion in the lower extremities, it does not typically result in decreased blood pressure in both the arms and legs simultaneously.
D. While increased blood pressure may occur in the arms, the legs would not typically show increased blood pressure in cases of coarctation.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Visualizing the epiglottis with a tongue depressor is contraindicated in suspected epiglottitis due to the risk of triggering airway obstruction.
B. Transporting the child to radiology for a throat x-ray is not a priority and can delay necessary interventions.
C. Obtaining a throat culture is not appropriate in this situation, as airway compromise can occur quickly, and immediate management is crucial.
D. Placing the child in an upright position helps ease breathing and can alleviate distress, which is vital for a child with suspected epiglottitis.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used for long-term management and prevention of asthma symptoms, not for acute relief.
B. Budesonide is an inhaled corticosteroid used for long-term control of asthma but does not provide immediate relief during an acute attack.
C. Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) that provides rapid bronchodilation and is the first-line medication for relieving acute asthma symptoms.
D. Fluticasone is also an inhaled corticosteroid intended for long-term management, which does not address the immediate needs of an acute asthma attack.