A nurse is assessing a newborn who has a coarctation of the aorta. Which of the following should the nurse recognize is a clinical manifestation of coarctation of the aorta?
Decreased blood pressure in the arms with increased blood pressure in the legs
Increased blood pressure in the arms with decreased blood pressure in the legs
Decreased blood pressure in both the arms and the legs
Increased blood pressure in both the arms and the legs
The Correct Answer is B
A. This option is incorrect as it does not describe the expected blood pressure difference in coarctation of the aorta.
B. Coarctation of the aorta typically presents with higher blood pressure in the upper body (arms) and lower blood pressure in the lower body (legs) due to the obstruction of blood flow distal to the aortic arch.
C. This option is incorrect because while coarctation can lead to decreased perfusion in the lower extremities, it does not typically result in decreased blood pressure in both the arms and legs simultaneously.
D. While increased blood pressure may occur in the arms, the legs would not typically show increased blood pressure in cases of coarctation.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Encouraging the adolescent to spend more time alone may reinforce their withdrawal and does not promote social interaction or engagement.
B. Assigning the adolescent as a leader may increase anxiety and exacerbate their withdrawal rather than encourage socialization.
C. One-on-one counseling can provide a safe space for the adolescent to express feelings and explore the reasons for their withdrawal, which is a supportive and therapeutic intervention.
D. Focusing solely on academic achievements may lead to further isolation and does not address the need for social skills development and peer interaction.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Enforcing strict bed rest without any physical activity can lead to feelings of isolation and boredom, which may negatively affect the child's well-being and engagement.
B. Allowing the child to decorate their hospital room with personal items fosters a sense of ownership and comfort, helping to promote emotional well-being and engagement during hospitalization.
C. Limiting visits can increase feelings of loneliness and anxiety in the child, which is not conducive to their emotional health; maintaining social connections is important for well-being.
D. Using medical terms may confuse the child and does not support their understanding or engagement; explanations should be age-appropriate and easily understood.