A nurse is assessing a client's peripheral circulation. In which of the following locations should the nurse palpate to assess the posterior tibial pulse? (Selectable areas, or "Hot Spots," are outlined in the artwork below. Select only the outlined area that corresponds to your answer.)
Iliac
Femoral
Popliteal
Tibial
The Correct Answer is D
A. The iliac pulse is located near the pelvis and is not used for assessing circulation in the lower extremities.
B. The femoral pulse is located in the upper thigh, not near the posterior tibial area.
C. The popliteal pulse is found at the back of the knee and is higher than the posterior tibial location.
D. The posterior tibial pulse is correctly located behind the medial malleolus on the inner side of the ankle. This location is where the posterior tibial artery is accessible and is commonly used to assess blood flow to the lower extremities.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Pigeon chest (pectus carinatum) is a structural deformity of the chest and is not associated with COPD.
B. A barrel chest is commonly seen in clients with COPD due to hyperinflation of the lungs, causing the chest to appear rounded and expanded.
C. Kyphotic refers to an abnormal curvature of the spine (kyphosis) and is not a characteristic of COPD.
D. Funnel chest (pectus excavatum) is another structural deformity and is not typically associated with COPD.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Respiratory acidosis: The pH is low (indicating acidosis), and the Paco₂ is elevated, which signifies that carbon dioxide retention is causing the acidosis. This pattern indicates respiratory acidosis, as the elevated HCO₃ suggests a compensatory response.
B. Respiratory alkalosis: Respiratory alkalosis would show a high pH with a low Paco₂. This is not consistent with the client’s lab results.
C. Metabolic acidosis: Metabolic acidosis would show a low pH with a low HCO₃. In this case, the HCO₃ is slightly elevated, ruling out metabolic acidosis.
D. Metabolic alkalosis: Metabolic alkalosis would show a high pH with an elevated HCO₃, which does not match the client’s results.