A nurse is assessing a client's cranial nerves as part of a neurological examination. Which action should the nurse take to assess cranial nerve II?
Assess visual acuity
Elicit gag reflex
Checking for pupillary response to light
Observing for facial symmetry
The Correct Answer is A
A. Assessing visual acuity directly tests cranial nerve II (the optic nerve), which is responsible for vision.
B. Eliciting the gag reflex tests cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal) and X (vagus), not cranial nerve II.
C. Checking for pupillary response to light primarily assesses the function of cranial nerve II but is more associated with cranial nerve III (oculomotor) since it involves the constriction of the pupil. While relevant, it is not the best standalone action for assessing cranial nerve II specifically.
D. Observing for facial symmetry is associated with cranial nerve VII (facial nerve), not cranial nerve II.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Pigeon chest (pectus carinatum) is a structural deformity of the chest and is not associated with COPD.
B. A barrel chest is commonly seen in clients with COPD due to hyperinflation of the lungs, causing the chest to appear rounded and expanded.
C. Kyphotic refers to an abnormal curvature of the spine (kyphosis) and is not a characteristic of COPD.
D. Funnel chest (pectus excavatum) is another structural deformity and is not typically associated with COPD.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Lordosis is an exaggerated inward curvature of the lumbar spine.
B. Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine, often characterized by an "S" or "C" shape when viewed from behind. This is the disorder depicted in the image.
C. Kyphosis is an exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic spine, often leading to a hunchback appearance.
D. Funnel chest (pectus excavatum) is a condition where the breastbone sinks into the chest, creating a sunken appearance.