A nurse is assessing a client who has hyperthyroidism. The nurse should expect the client to report which of the following manifestations?
Constipation
Sensitivity to cold
Weight gain of 4.5 kg (10 lbs) in 3 weeks
Frequent mood changes
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A Reason:
Constipation is not typically associated with hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism usually speeds up the body’s metabolism, leading to symptoms like increased bowel movements or diarrhea rather than constipation.
Choice B Reason:
Sensitivity to cold is more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, where the body’s metabolism slows down. In hyperthyroidism, patients often experience heat intolerance due to an increased metabolic rate.
Choice C Reason:
Weight gain of 4.5 kg (10 lbs) in 3 weeks is also more indicative of hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism generally causes weight loss despite an increased appetite because of the accelerated metabolism.
Choice D Reason:
Frequent mood changes are a common symptom of hyperthyroidism. The excess thyroid hormones can affect the nervous system, leading to symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, and mood swings.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A: The Health Care Proxy Does Not Go Into Effect Until I Am Incapable of Making Decisions
This statement is correct. A health care proxy, also known as a durable power of attorney for health care, only becomes active when the individual is no longer capable of making their own medical decisions. Until that point, the individual retains full control over their health care choices1.
Choice B: I Have to Choose a Family Member as My Health Proxy
This statement indicates a need for clarification. It is not necessary to choose a family member as a health care proxy. An individual can select any trusted person, whether a family member or a friend, to act as their health care proxy. The most important factor is that the chosen person understands the individual’s wishes and is willing to advocate for them2.
Choice C: I Can Change Who I Designate as My Health Care Proxy at Any Time
This statement is correct. An individual can change their designated health care proxy at any time, as long as they are still capable of making their own decisions. It is important to ensure that any changes are documented properly and that all relevant parties are informed of the change3.
Choice D: If I Become Incapacitated, End-of-Life Choices Will Be Made by My Proxy
This statement is correct. If an individual becomes incapacitated and is unable to make their own medical decisions, the health care proxy will step in to make decisions on their behalf, including end-of-life choices. The proxy should be well-informed about the individual’s preferences and values to make decisions that align with their wishes4.
Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A: Wash raw carrots before cooking
Reason: Washing raw vegetables, including carrots, before cooking is essential to remove dirt, bacteria, and pesticide residues. However, this option is not specific to preventing foodborne illnesses. Washing vegetables is a general hygiene practice, but it does not address the broader aspects of food safety, such as preventing cross-contamination or ensuring proper cooking temperatures. Therefore, while important, it is not the most critical instruction for preventing foodborne illnesses in this context.
Choice B: Separate raw foods from ready-to-eat foods
Reason: Separating raw foods from ready-to-eat foods is crucial to prevent cross-contamination. Raw foods, especially meats, poultry, and seafood, can harbor harmful bacteria that can transfer to ready-to-eat foods if not kept separate. This separation should be maintained during storage, preparation, and cooking. For example, raw meat should be stored on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator to prevent juices from dripping onto other foods. Using separate cutting boards and utensils for raw and ready-to-eat foods further minimizes the risk of cross-contamination.
Choice C: Wash utensils with warm water
Reason: While washing utensils with warm water is a good practice, it is not sufficient on its own to ensure food safety. Utensils that have come into contact with raw meat, poultry, or seafood should be washed with hot, soapy water and sanitized to kill any harmful bacteria. Simply using warm water may not effectively remove or kill bacteria, making this option less critical compared to others that directly address foodborne illness prevention.
Choice D: Practice good hand washing after handling raw eggs, meat, or poultry
Reason: Practicing good hand washing after handling raw eggs, meat, or poultry is one of the most effective ways to prevent foodborne illnesses. Hands can easily transfer bacteria from raw foods to other surfaces, utensils, and foods. Proper hand washing involves scrubbing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, ensuring all parts of the hands are cleaned. This practice helps to eliminate harmful bacteria and reduce the risk of cross-contamination.
Choice E: Ensure all food is cooked to 165°F. Promptly refrigerate foods when finished eating
Reason:Cooking food to the proper internal temperature is essential to kill harmful bacteria that can cause foodborne illnesses. For most foods, an internal temperature of 165°F (73.9°C) is recommended to ensure safety. Using a food thermometer to check the temperature is the best way to ensure food is cooked thoroughly. Additionally, promptly refrigerating foods after eating helps to prevent bacterial growth. Bacteria can multiply rapidly at room temperature, so refrigerating leftovers within two hours (or one hour if the temperature is above 90°F) is crucial for food safety.
