A nurse is assessing a client who has hyperthyroidism. The nurse should expect the client to report which of the following manifestations?
Constipation
Sensitivity to cold
Weight gain of 4.5 kg (10 lbs) in 3 weeks
Frequent mood changes
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A Reason:
Constipation is not typically associated with hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism usually speeds up the body’s metabolism, leading to symptoms like increased bowel movements or diarrhea rather than constipation.
Choice B Reason:
Sensitivity to cold is more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, where the body’s metabolism slows down. In hyperthyroidism, patients often experience heat intolerance due to an increased metabolic rate.
Choice C Reason:
Weight gain of 4.5 kg (10 lbs) in 3 weeks is also more indicative of hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism generally causes weight loss despite an increased appetite because of the accelerated metabolism.
Choice D Reason:
Frequent mood changes are a common symptom of hyperthyroidism. The excess thyroid hormones can affect the nervous system, leading to symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, and mood swings.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Akathisia:
Akathisia is characterized by a feeling of inner restlessness and an inability to stay still. It often manifests as constant movement, such as pacing or fidgeting. While akathisia is a common side effect of antipsychotic medications, it does not typically involve involuntary movements of the tongue and face.
Choice B reason: Tardive dyskinesia:
Tardive dyskinesia is a serious and often irreversible side effect of long-term antipsychotic use, including chlorpromazine. It is characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements, particularly of the face, tongue, and jaw. These movements can include lip smacking, tongue protrusion, and grimacing. This condition is a result of prolonged dopamine receptor blockade in the brain.
Choice C reason: Dystonia:
Dystonia involves sustained muscle contractions that cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures. It can affect any part of the body, including the neck, face, and limbs. While dystonia can be a side effect of antipsychotic medications, it typically presents as muscle spasms rather than the repetitive, involuntary movements seen in tardive dyskinesia.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A: Smallpox
Smallpox is a viral disease caused by the variola virus. It was eradicated globally in 1980 through a successful vaccination campaign. Treatment for smallpox primarily involves supportive care and antiviral medications, such as tecovirimat, rather than antibiotics like ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is ineffective against viral infections, including smallpox.
Choice B: Anthrax
Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Ciprofloxacin is one of the primary antibiotics used for the treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis of anthrax. It works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase, which is essential for bacterial replication. Ciprofloxacin is effective against both cutaneous and inhalational forms of anthrax, making it a critical component in the management of anthrax exposure.
Choice C: Ebola virus
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is caused by the Ebola virus, a member of the Filoviridae family. Treatment for EVD primarily involves supportive care, including rehydration and management of symptoms. Antiviral medications, such as remdesivir, may also be used. Ciprofloxacin, being an antibiotic, is not effective against viral infections like Ebola.
Choice D: Sarin gas
Sarin gas is a highly toxic nerve agent used in chemical warfare. Exposure to sarin gas requires immediate medical intervention, including the administration of antidotes such as atropine and pralidoxime, as well as supportive care. Antibiotics like ciprofloxacin are not used in the treatment of chemical agent exposure, as they do not counteract the effects of nerve agents.