A nurse is assessing a client who has hyperthyroidism. The nurse should expect the client to report which of the following manifestations?
Constipation
Sensitivity to cold
Weight gain of 4.5 kg (10 lbs) in 3 weeks
Frequent mood changes
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A Reason:
Constipation is not typically associated with hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism usually speeds up the body’s metabolism, leading to symptoms like increased bowel movements or diarrhea rather than constipation.
Choice B Reason:
Sensitivity to cold is more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, where the body’s metabolism slows down. In hyperthyroidism, patients often experience heat intolerance due to an increased metabolic rate.
Choice C Reason:
Weight gain of 4.5 kg (10 lbs) in 3 weeks is also more indicative of hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism generally causes weight loss despite an increased appetite because of the accelerated metabolism.
Choice D Reason:
Frequent mood changes are a common symptom of hyperthyroidism. The excess thyroid hormones can affect the nervous system, leading to symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, and mood swings.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
While articulating expectations is important, the nurse’s response is more focused on addressing the client’s feelings and encouraging participation in therapy. Simply stating expectations without addressing the client’s emotions may not be as effective.
Choice B reason:
The nurse’s response demonstrates empathy by acknowledging the client’s feelings and gently guiding them towards participating in group therapy. This approach helps build trust and rapport, which are essential in therapeutic relationships, especially with clients exhibiting delusional behavior.
Choice C reason:
Setting limits on manipulative behavior is important, but in this context, the nurse’s response is more about encouraging participation and showing understanding rather than strictly setting limits.
Choice D reason:
Reflection involves mirroring the client’s feelings or statements to show understanding. While the nurse’s response does show understanding, it is not a direct example of reflection. The primary focus is on empathy and encouragement.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Vesicles on the skin are more commonly associated with cutaneous anthrax, not inhalation anthrax. Cutaneous anthrax typically presents with a raised, itchy bump that develops into a painless sore with a black center.
Choice B Reason:
Respiratory failure is a severe and common symptom of inhalation anthrax. Inhalation anthrax begins with flu-like symptoms but can rapidly progress to severe respiratory distress, shock, and often death if not treated promptly.
Choice C Reason:
Flu-like symptoms are indeed an early sign of inhalation anthrax, but they are not specific enough to indicate exposure definitively. These symptoms include sore throat, mild fever, fatigue, and muscle aches.
Choice D Reason:
Coughing of blood can occur in the later stages of inhalation anthrax as the disease progresses and the respiratory system becomes severely compromised.