A nurse is assessing a client who has hyperthyroidism. The nurse should expect the client to report which of the following manifestations?
Constipation
Sensitivity to cold
Weight gain of 4.5 kg (10 lbs) in 3 weeks
Frequent mood changes
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A Reason:
Constipation is not typically associated with hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism usually speeds up the body’s metabolism, leading to symptoms like increased bowel movements or diarrhea rather than constipation.
Choice B Reason:
Sensitivity to cold is more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, where the body’s metabolism slows down. In hyperthyroidism, patients often experience heat intolerance due to an increased metabolic rate.
Choice C Reason:
Weight gain of 4.5 kg (10 lbs) in 3 weeks is also more indicative of hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism generally causes weight loss despite an increased appetite because of the accelerated metabolism.
Choice D Reason:
Frequent mood changes are a common symptom of hyperthyroidism. The excess thyroid hormones can affect the nervous system, leading to symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, and mood swings.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: WBC count:
An elevated white blood cell (WBC) count is a common indicator of infection. The body produces more white blood cells to fight off infections, making this a key marker for identifying infections in patients with pressure ulcers. Monitoring WBC count helps in assessing the presence and severity of an infection, guiding appropriate treatment.
Choice B reason: BUN:
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels are used to assess kidney function and hydration status. Elevated BUN levels can indicate dehydration or kidney dysfunction but are not specific indicators of infection. While important for overall health assessment, BUN is not directly related to detecting infections in pressure ulcers.
Choice C reason: Potassium:
Potassium levels are crucial for maintaining normal cellular function, particularly in the heart and muscles. Abnormal potassium levels can indicate issues such as kidney dysfunction or electrolyte imbalances but do not specifically indicate infection. Monitoring potassium is important for overall health but not for diagnosing infections in pressure ulcers.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A: Generalized Urticaria
Generalized urticaria, or widespread hives, is a common sign of an allergic transfusion reaction. This reaction occurs when the recipient’s immune system reacts to proteins in the donor blood. Symptoms can range from mild, such as itching and hives, to severe, including anaphylaxis. Immediate intervention typically involves stopping the transfusion and administering antihistamines.
Choice B: Distended Jugular Veins
Distended jugular veins are not indicative of an allergic transfusion reaction. This finding is more commonly associated with conditions such as congestive heart failure or fluid overload. In the context of a blood transfusion, it could suggest circulatory overload rather than an allergic reaction.
Choice C: Blood Pressure 184/92 mm Hg
An elevated blood pressure reading, such as 184/92 mm Hg, is not specific to an allergic transfusion reaction. While blood pressure changes can occur during a transfusion, they are not a hallmark of an allergic response. This finding could be related to other factors, such as anxiety or pre-existing hypertension.
Choice D: Bilateral Flank Pain
Bilateral flank pain is not a typical symptom of an allergic transfusion reaction. This symptom is more commonly associated with hemolytic transfusion reactions, where the recipient’s immune system attacks the donor red blood cells, leading to hemolysis and subsequent kidney pain.