A nurse is assessing a client who has dehydration.
Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Cloudy urine.
Urine osmolality of 200 mOsm/kg.
Urine specific gravity of 1.015.
Dark-colored urine.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice D rationale
Dark-colored urine is a common indicator of dehydration. When the body is dehydrated, urine becomes more concentrated, leading to darker color due to higher levels of waste products.
Choice A rationale
Cloudy urine is not typically associated with dehydration. It may indicate the presence of an infection, inflammation, or other medical conditions.
Choice B rationale
Urine osmolality of 200 mOsm/kg suggests diluted urine, which is contrary to the expectation in dehydration. Dehydration would typically result in higher urine osmolality as the kidneys conserve water.
Choice C rationale
Urine specific gravity of 1.015 falls within the normal range (1.005 to 1.030). In dehydration, specific gravity would be expected to be higher as the urine becomes more concentrated to conserve water.
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View Related questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Instilling ophthalmic medication directly on the cornea can cause irritation and discomfort. Medications should be administered in the conjunctival sac.
Choice B rationale
Asking the client to tightly squeeze their eyes shut after instillation can expel the medication, reducing its effectiveness. Gentle closing of the eyes is recommended.
Choice C rationale
Cleaning the eye from the outer canthus to the inner canthus is not the proper method. The correct method is to clean from the inner canthus to the outer canthus to avoid contaminating the inner eye.
Choice D rationale
Applying pressure to the nasolacrimal duct after instillation helps prevent the medication from draining into the nasolacrimal system, ensuring better absorption in the eye.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Toxic levels refer to concentrations of a medication that are high enough to cause harmful effects or poisoning. This is not related to the lowest serum concentration.
Choice B rationale
Peak levels are the highest concentration of a medication in the bloodstream after administration. This occurs after the drug is absorbed and distributed.
Choice C rationale
Trough levels occur when the medication is at its lowest concentration in the bloodstream, typically just before the next dose is due. Monitoring trough levels helps ensure therapeutic effectiveness while avoiding toxicity.
Choice D rationale
Half-life refers to the time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the bloodstream to decrease by half. It is not directly related to the lowest serum concentration at a specific point in time.