A nurse is answering Questions about labor and delivery to a client.The client is concerned that she will need a blood transfusion due to all the blood loss during the delivery.The nurse explains that blood volume increases during pregnancy that will offset the loss.Which of the following is the correct percentage of increased blood volume during pregnancy that the nurse should explain to the client?
25%-35%.
10%-20%.
60%-70%.
40%-50%.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
A 25%-35% increase in blood volume is lower than the actual increase observed during pregnancy. This choice is incorrect.
Choice B rationale
A 10%-20% increase in blood volume is significantly lower than the actual increase observed during pregnancy. This choice is incorrect.
Choice C rationale
A 60%-70% increase in blood volume is higher than the actual increase observed during pregnancy. This choice is incorrect.
Choice D rationale
The correct percentage of increased blood volume during pregnancy is 40%-50%. This increase helps accommodate the growing fetus and placenta, and prepares the body for the blood loss that occurs during delivery.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Nausea is a common symptom during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. It is often referred to as morning sickness, although it can occur at any time of the day. The client’s report of nausea almost every day for the last two months, but lasting for a shorter period of the day, is consistent with typical pregnancy-related nausea.
Choice B rationale
Malodorous vaginal discharge is not a common or expected physiological change during pregnancy. It may indicate an infection or other medical condition that requires further evaluation and treatment.
Choice C rationale
Increased frequency of urination is a common symptom during pregnancy. It occurs due to hormonal changes and the growing uterus putting pressure on the bladder. The client’s report of voiding more frequently without pain is consistent with normal physiological changes during pregnancy.
Choice D rationale
Fundal height measurement is used to assess fetal growth and development. At 18 weeks of gestation, the fundal height is typically around 18 cm, which corresponds to the number of weeks of pregnancy. This finding is consistent with expected physiological changes during pregnancy.
Choice E rationale
The darkened line of skin noted midline on the abdomen, known as the linea nigra, is a common physiological change during pregnancy. It is caused by increased pigmentation and is a normal finding.
Choice F rationale
A dry, reddened patch of skin below the knee bilaterally is not a common or expected physiological change during pregnancy. It may indicate a dermatological condition or other medical issue that requires further evaluation.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can result in a smaller fundal height measurement than expected for gestational age. This condition indicates that the fetus is not growing at the normal rate inside the womb.
Choice B rationale
A fundal height measurement of 19 centimeters at 22 weeks of gestation is not consistent with the estimated gestational age by LMP. Typically, the fundal height in centimeters should be approximately equal to the number of weeks of gestation.
Choice C rationale
Fetal anomalies can affect the size and growth of the fetus, leading to discrepancies in fundal height measurements. This could result in a smaller or larger than expected measurement.
Choice D rationale
Polyhydramnios, or excessive amniotic fluid, would typically result in a larger fundal height measurement than expected for gestational age. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
Choice E rationale
Miscalculation of the due date can lead to discrepancies in fundal height measurements. If the gestational age is miscalculated, the fundal height may not match the expected measurement for the given weeks of gestation.