A nurse in a mental health clinic is conducting a staff education session on schizophrenia. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as negative symptoms? (Select all that apply.)
Anhedonia
Hallucinations
Poor judgment
Delusions
Blunt affect
Correct Answer : A,E
Choice A reason:
Anhedonia, or the inability to experience pleasure, is a negative symptom of schizophrenia. Negative symptoms reflect a decrease or loss of normal functions and are often more challenging to treat than positive symptoms.
Choice B reason:
Hallucinations are positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Positive symptoms involve the presence of abnormal behaviors or experiences, such as hearing voices or seeing things that are not there.
Choice C reason:
Poor judgment is not classified as a negative symptom of schizophrenia. It can be a feature of cognitive impairment associated with the disorder but is not specifically a negative symptom.
Choice D reason:
Delusions are positive symptoms of schizophrenia. They involve false beliefs that are not based in reality, such as believing one has special powers or is being persecuted.
Choice E reason:
Blunt affect, or reduced emotional expression, is a negative symptom of schizophrenia. It involves a lack of emotional responsiveness and is indicative of the diminished capacity to express emotions.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason:
“A relapse plan describes how you use coping strategies for living in the community.” While this is partially true, it does not fully capture the purpose of a relapse plan. A relapse plan is more comprehensive and includes recognizing early warning signs and taking specific actions to prevent a full relapse.
Choice B reason:
“A relapse plan addresses your living, housing, and working needs.” This statement is not accurate. A relapse plan focuses on managing symptoms and preventing relapse rather than addressing broader social needs like housing and employment.
Choice C reason:
“A relapse plan explains how you can be hospitalized if needed.” While hospitalization may be part of a relapse plan, the primary focus is on recognizing early symptoms and taking steps to manage them before hospitalization becomes necessary.
Choice D reason:
“A relapse plan helps your recovery by recognizing symptoms of schizophrenia and provides steps to follow if symptoms are getting worse.” This statement accurately reflects the purpose of a relapse plan. It emphasizes the importance of early recognition and proactive management of symptoms to support the client’s recovery.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Projection involves attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to others. This is not the correct answer because the man’s behavior of punching walls and yelling at his significant other is an outward expression of his own frustration, rather than projecting his feelings onto someone else. Projection would involve accusing others of having the feelings or thoughts that he himself is experiencing.
Choice B reason:
Denial is a defense mechanism where an individual refuses to accept reality or facts, blocking external events from awareness. This is not the correct answer because the man’s actions indicate that he is reacting to his frustration rather than denying its existence. Denial would involve ignoring or refusing to acknowledge the feelings or situation that is causing distress.
Choice C reason:
Displacement is the redirection of emotions or impulses from a threatening target to a safer one. This is the correct answer because the man redirects his anger from his supervisor, who is the source of his frustration, to a less threatening target, which is his significant other and the walls at home. Displacement allows the individual to express their emotions in a way that feels safer or more acceptable.
Choice D reason:
Passive-aggression involves expressing negative feelings indirectly rather than openly addressing them. This is not the correct answer because the man’s behavior is direct and aggressive, rather than passive. Passive-aggressive actions might include sulking, procrastination, or subtle resistance, none of which are evident in the described scenario.