A nurse in a long-term care facility is monitoring clients in the day room. A client who has dementia becomes angry and starts screaming at the nurse. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take first?
Place the client in a seclusion room.
Engage the client in a repetitive activity as a distraction.
Administer PRN haloperidol IM to the client.
Apply wrist restraints to the client.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Seclusion is a highly restrictive intervention and is not the first action for managing agitation in dementia clients.
B. Engaging the client in a repetitive activity as a distraction is the least restrictive intervention and can help calm the client by redirecting their attention. Non-pharmacological and less restrictive approaches are preferred as initial responses to manage agitation in dementia clients.
C. Administering PRN haloperidol IM is a pharmacological intervention and should be reserved for situations where less restrictive measures have failed.
D. Applying wrist restraints is a restrictive intervention that can increase agitation and is not appropriate as a first-line approach.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Consulting the ethics committee is unnecessary at this stage, as there is no ethical dilemma in arranging social support services.
B. Suggesting a discharge delay is premature and may not be feasible; alternative support should be considered first.
C. Long-term care facility placement is a more permanent solution and may not align with the client’s needs or preferences.
D. Recommending a referral to social services is appropriate as social services can help arrange post-discharge support, including home health services or community resources, ensuring a safe transition home.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Morphine is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance due to its high potential for abuse and dependence, but it is accepted for medical use.
B. Schedule III substances have a lower potential for abuse than Schedule II, which does not apply to morphine.
C. Schedule I substances are considered to have no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse, such as heroin, which does not include morphine.
D. Schedule IV substances have a lower abuse potential than Schedule III, making this classification incorrect for morphine.