A client who swims several times a week asks the nurse, "Why are ears prone to frequent infection?" What is the nurse's best response?
"The pool water has chlorine that is killing all of the good bacteria."
"The pool water is entering your Eustachian tubes."
"The pool water has microorganisms that are entering your ears."
"The pool water is drying out your ears, causing skin breakdown."
The Correct Answer is C
A. While chlorine can kill some bacteria, it does not prevent all microbial growth and does not directly explain ear infections.
B. Pool water entering the Eustachian tubes is unlikely; infections are more commonly related to pathogens in the water.
C. The best response addresses the presence of microorganisms in pool water that can enter the ear and potentially lead to infections, such as swimmer's ear (otitis externa).
D. Pool water is not typically associated with drying out the ears; rather, it can lead to excess moisture, which can promote bacterial growth.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The primary purpose of administering an osmotic diuretic, such as mannitol, is to lower ICP by promoting diuresis, which results in increased urinary output and decreases fluid volume in the brain.
B. Osmotic diuretics do not specifically reduce cerebral blood flow; rather, they work by reducing fluid volume and thus intracranial pressure.
C. While osmotic diuretics can help manage edema, their primary role is not solely to prevent the formation of cerebral edema but to actively reduce existing pressure.
D. Osmotic diuretics do not directly decrease brain oxygen consumption; their main function is to create an osmotic gradient that pulls fluid from the brain to reduce ICP.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. While hormones from the adrenal cortex do influence various metabolic processes, mineralocorticoids primarily focus on fluid and electrolyte balance rather than having major effects on all organs' metabolism.
B. Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, play a crucial role in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance by promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion in the kidneys.
C. Regulation of carbohydrate and protein metabolism is mainly the function of glucocorticoids, not mineralocorticoids.
D. The release of ACTH is regulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus, not directly influenced by mineralocorticoids.