A client exposed to anthrax has presented to the healthcare setting. Which of the following medications below is the treatment for this biological exposure?
Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin)
Nystatin (Mycostatin)
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Tamoxifen
The Correct Answer is C
A. Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin): Amoxicillin/clavulanate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic but not the preferred choice for anthrax exposure.
B. Nystatin (Mycostatin): Nystatin is an antifungal medication used for treating fungal infections, such as oral thrush or cutaneous candidiasis. It is not effective against anthrax, which is a bacterial infection.
C. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro): Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is the recommended first-line antibiotic for treating anthrax exposure due to its efficacy against Bacillus anthracis, the bacteria causing anthrax.
D. Tamoxifen: Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used primarily in the treatment of breast cancer. It has no role in treating bacterial infections like anthrax.
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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Alopecia: Alopecia is a common side effect of chemotherapy because these medications target rapidly dividing cells, including hair follicles.
B. Bone marrow suppression: Chemotherapy can cause bone marrow suppression, leading to decreased production of blood cells, increasing the risk of anemia, infections, and bleeding.
C. Extrapyramidal symptoms: Extrapyramidal symptoms are associated with antipsychotic medications, not chemotherapy. They include symptoms like tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
D. Bleeding: Due to bone marrow suppression, chemotherapy can decrease platelet counts, increasing the risk of bleeding.
E. Nausea: Nausea and vomiting are common adverse effects of chemotherapy due to the irritation of the gastrointestinal lining and activation of the vomiting center in the brain.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Measles: The measles vaccine is a live-attenuated vaccine, which contains a weakened form of the virus and should be avoided in immunocompromised clients due to the risk of infection.
B. Inactivated Polio: The inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) is not a live vaccine, as it uses killed virus, making it safe for immunocompromised clients.
C. Mumps: The mumps vaccine is a live-attenuated vaccine and is part of the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine. It should be avoided in clients with weakened immune systems.
D. Varicella: The varicella (chickenpox) vaccine is a live-attenuated vaccine. It should not be given to immunocompromised clients due to the potential risk of severe infection.
E. Rubella: The rubella vaccine is also a live-attenuated vaccine, included in the MMR vaccine, and is contraindicated in immunocompromised individuals.