A charge nurse is conducting an in-service for new nursing graduates on the unit. Upon reviewing physiology of the kidneys, the nurse should include which of the following as functions of the kidneys? Select ALL that apply.(Select All that Apply.)
Stimulate production of androgens
Stimulate production of white blood cells
Excrete various drugs and drug metabolites
Produce urine
Regulate acid/base balance
Correct Answer : C,D,E
A. Stimulate production of androgens: The kidneys do not stimulate androgen production. Androgens are produced primarily by the adrenal glands and gonads.
B. Stimulate production of white blood cells: The kidneys do not stimulate white blood cell production. This is mainly a function of the bone marrow.
C. Excrete various drugs and drug metabolites: The kidneys play a key role in filtering and excreting drugs and drug metabolites, helping to remove them from the body.
D. Produce urine: The primary function of the kidneys is to filter blood and produce urine, which is then excreted to remove waste products and maintain fluid balance.
E. Regulate acid/base balance: The kidneys are essential in maintaining acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate, which helps regulate the pH level in the body.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Friction rub: A friction rub is usually associated with pleuritis, not atelectasis. Atelectasis involves the collapse of alveoli and does not produce this sound.
B. Decreasing respiratory rate: Atelectasis generally leads to an increased respiratory rate as the body compensates for decreased oxygenation.
C. Increasing dyspnea: Increasing dyspnea is common in atelectasis as collapsed alveoli reduce oxygen exchange, leading to shortness of breath and increased respiratory effort.
D. Facial flushing: Facial flushing is not typically associated with atelectasis; instead, atelectasis leads to signs of respiratory distress, such as dyspnea and possibly cyanosis.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Vitamin K: Vitamin K is used for anticoagulant reversal, not for acetaminophen toxicity.
B. Flumazenil: Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist and is not indicated for acetaminophen overdose.
C. Acetylcysteine: Acetylcysteine is the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity, helping to replenish glutathione stores and prevent liver damage.
D. Atropine: Atropine is used for bradycardia or certain poisoning but is not relevant for acetaminophen toxicity.