A charge nurse is conducting an in-service for new nursing graduates on the unit. Upon reviewing physiology of the kidneys, the nurse should include which of the following as functions of the kidneys? Select ALL that apply.(Select All that Apply.)
Stimulate production of androgens
Stimulate production of white blood cells
Excrete various drugs and drug metabolites
Produce urine
Regulate acid/base balance
Correct Answer : C,D,E
A. Stimulate production of androgens: The kidneys do not stimulate androgen production. Androgens are produced primarily by the adrenal glands and gonads.
B. Stimulate production of white blood cells: The kidneys do not stimulate white blood cell production. This is mainly a function of the bone marrow.
C. Excrete various drugs and drug metabolites: The kidneys play a key role in filtering and excreting drugs and drug metabolites, helping to remove them from the body.
D. Produce urine: The primary function of the kidneys is to filter blood and produce urine, which is then excreted to remove waste products and maintain fluid balance.
E. Regulate acid/base balance: The kidneys are essential in maintaining acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate, which helps regulate the pH level in the body.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Vitamin K: Vitamin K is used for anticoagulant reversal, not for acetaminophen toxicity.
B. Flumazenil: Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist and is not indicated for acetaminophen overdose.
C. Acetylcysteine: Acetylcysteine is the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity, helping to replenish glutathione stores and prevent liver damage.
D. Atropine: Atropine is used for bradycardia or certain poisoning but is not relevant for acetaminophen toxicity.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. "I will rinse my mouth after each dose to prevent thrush." Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic bronchodilator, and it does not typically increase the risk of oral thrush. Rinsing the mouth after use is more commonly recommended with corticosteroid inhalers.
B. "I will use this medication early in the morning so I am not urinating all night." Ipratropium bromide does not significantly affect urination or the frequency of urination, as it primarily targets the respiratory system.
C. "I will make sure to use this in combination with a corticosteroid inhaler." Although it may be used in combination with corticosteroids, this is not specific to Ipratropium's side effects. This answer does not directly address side effect management.
D. "I will suck on hard candies to cope with dry mouth." A common side effect of Ipratropium bromide is dry mouth due to its anticholinergic properties. Sucking on hard candies is an appropriate way to manage this side effect.