A 24-year-old patient who is an intravenous drug user asks the nurse about preventing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The nurse informs the patient that the risk of developing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from drug use can be reduced by:
not having sexual intercourse under the influence of drugs.
asking those who they share equipment with to be tested for HIV.
participating in a needle exchange program.
cleaning syringe with betadine before use.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Avoiding sexual intercourse under the influence of drugs reduces certain risks but does not address the specific risk of needle transmission.
B. Asking others to be tested for HIV may be unrealistic and does not prevent HIV transmission through shared equipment.
C. Participating in a needle exchange program reduces the risk of HIV transmission by providing sterile needles, lowering the likelihood of infection from shared or contaminated needles.
D. Cleaning needles with betadine is not effective for HIV prevention; only sterile, unused needles should be used.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Timolol is a beta-blocker that can be absorbed systemically, leading to side effects such as bradycardia and hypotension, which require monitoring.
B. Tachycardia and dry cough are not common side effects of timolol; dry cough is more associated with ACE inhibitors.
C. Scleral injection and tearing are not common side effects and are not expected with timolol use.
D. Changes in eye pigmentation are more commonly seen with prostaglandin analogs, not with beta-blockers like timolol.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Penicillins are generally safe but are not specific for ototoxicity considerations.
B. Aminoglycosides are avoided in cases of tympanic membrane rupture due to their ototoxic potential, which can lead to hearing loss.
C. Fluoroquinolones, particularly those formulated for otic use, are preferred for tympanic membrane ruptures as they are not ototoxic and are safe for middle ear exposure.
D. Cephalosporins are not typically ototoxic but are less commonly used for tympanic membrane ruptures compared to fluoroquinolones.