A 20-month-old is in what stage according to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?
Industry vs. Inferiority.
Trust vs. Mistrust.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.
Initiative vs. Guilt.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
The Industry vs. Inferiority stage, according to Erikson, occurs from age 6 to puberty, where children focus on learning, developing skills, and striving for competence. A 20-month-old
child is not yet in this stage.
Choice B rationale
The Trust vs. Mistrust stage is the earliest stage in Erikson's theory, occurring from birth to about 18 months. While a 20-month-old child has recently transitioned out of this stage, it
is not the stage applicable to their current developmental phase.
Choice C rationale
The Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage occurs from approximately 18 months to 3 years. At 20 months, children are striving for independence, making choices, and developing a
sense of self-control, which is characteristic of this stage.
Choice D rationale
The Initiative vs. Guilt stage occurs from ages 3 to 6 years, where children begin to assert power and control through directing play and other social interactions. A 20-month-old child
is not in this stage yet.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Hanging crib toys are not suitable for a 12-month-old toddler as they are more appropriate for younger infants. Toddlers need toys that can stimulate their fine and gross motor skills, and hanging crib toys do not fulfill this need.
Choice B rationale
Large building blocks are ideal for a 12-month-old toddler as they help in developing fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination, and creativity. These blocks also encourage problem-solving and spatial awareness, which are crucial developmental milestones at this age.
Choice C rationale
Crayons and a coloring book are not the best choice for a toddler under contact precautions as they can be difficult to disinfect and might pose a risk of infection. Additionally, at 12 months, toddlers are still developing their pincer grasp and may not have the coordination for coloring.
Choice D rationale
Modeling clay is not suitable for a 12-month-old due to the potential choking hazard. Toddlers at this age tend to put objects in their mouths, and modeling clay can be difficult to keep clean under contact precautions.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Keeping the diaper loose in the front helps avoid pressure on the circumcision site, promoting healing and reducing discomfort for the infant.
Choice B rationale
A yellow crust or exudate forming on the circumcision site is a normal part of the healing process and should not be a cause for alarm. It is not an indication to call the doctor immediately unless other signs of infection or complications are present.
Choice C rationale
Notifying the healthcare provider in the case of significant bleeding is crucial. Excessive bleeding can indicate a complication that requires prompt medical attention to ensure the infant's safety and proper healing.
Choice D rationale
Applying petroleum jelly with each diaper change helps to protect the circumcision site from sticking to the diaper, promoting healing and reducing discomfort.