A 20-month-old is in what stage according to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?
Industry vs. Inferiority.
Trust vs. Mistrust.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.
Initiative vs. Guilt.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
The Industry vs. Inferiority stage, according to Erikson, occurs from age 6 to puberty, where children focus on learning, developing skills, and striving for competence. A 20-month-old
child is not yet in this stage.
Choice B rationale
The Trust vs. Mistrust stage is the earliest stage in Erikson's theory, occurring from birth to about 18 months. While a 20-month-old child has recently transitioned out of this stage, it
is not the stage applicable to their current developmental phase.
Choice C rationale
The Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage occurs from approximately 18 months to 3 years. At 20 months, children are striving for independence, making choices, and developing a
sense of self-control, which is characteristic of this stage.
Choice D rationale
The Initiative vs. Guilt stage occurs from ages 3 to 6 years, where children begin to assert power and control through directing play and other social interactions. A 20-month-old child
is not in this stage yet.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Acrocyanosis is a common and typically benign condition in newborns, characterized by bluish discoloration of the hands and feet. It is not an immediate priority.
Choice B rationale
Respiratory distress is the priority assessment for a newborn immediately following a cesarean delivery. Ensuring the newborn has a patent airway and is breathing effectively is crucial for their survival and immediate well-being.
Choice C rationale
Hypothermia is a concern for newborns, but respiratory distress takes precedence as an immediate life-threatening condition.
Choice D rationale
Accidental lacerations can occur during a cesarean delivery, but they are usually not life-threatening and can be addressed after ensuring the newborn's respiratory status is stable. .
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for a 1-year-old child as it protects against these three highly contagious viral diseases. This vaccine is typically given in two doses, with the first dose administered at 12-15 months.
Choice B rationale
Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (TDaP) vaccine is not typically given at 1 year of age. The primary series is given in infancy, and the TDaP booster is given at 4-6 years of age.
Choice C rationale
Inactivated polio virus (IPV) vaccine is part of the routine vaccination schedule for children. It protects against polio, a serious disease that can cause paralysis. The IPV vaccine is given in multiple doses, starting at 2 months of age.
Choice D rationale
Varicella (VAR) vaccine protects against chickenpox, a highly contagious disease. It is recommended for children at 12-15 months of age and is usually given in two doses.
Choice E rationale
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is not recommended for a 1-year-old child. It is typically given to preteens and teens to protect against HPV infections that can lead to cervical cancer and other diseases.